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“清明”是中国传统二十四节气(the 24 traditional Chinese solar terms)中的第五个节气,也是诸多节气中唯一一个与传统节日“清明节”(Tomb Sweeping Day)重合的节气。
因“清”“明”二字皆为描述天气的词语,所以“清明”的英语表达为Clear and Bright。
清明节的英语表达
说到清明节,你可能想到的是Qingming Festival。
festival有两层含义:
① 宗教的祭祀活动
② 又唱又跳的庆祝活动
√ Jewish festival 犹太教节日
√ a rock festival 摇滚音乐节
清明节并不属于这两者范围,像这类较为庄严的其实可以用Day来表示,比如Mothers Day母亲节;清明节是祭祀祖先亡灵的日子,我们经常会扫墓。所以叫做:
√ Tomb Sweeping Day 清明节
别的节日可以庆祝(celebrate),但是清明节却有其特殊性,只能用observe。
也有人把清明节翻译为“All Souls Day”,这是一种站在西方文化角度考虑做出的翻译。因为“All Souls Day”在西方是确实存在的节日,一般称为“万灵节”。
这是一个宗教节日,在有的教派里甚至不止一天。教会会在这一天为那些去世后无法进入天堂的信徒祈祷,希望他们早日进入天堂。其基本意义和清明节相似,也是祭奠死者的节日。
清明节的食俗
√ Green rice ball 青团
People in the Jiangnan region often eat this kind of green colored balls made from glutinous rice on Tomb Sweeping Day. The green color is from the juice of brome grass that is added in the rice.
江南地区的人们经常在清明节食用这种由糯米制成的绿色团子。由于糯米中混合雀麦草汁,所以团子呈绿色。
√ Cudweed herb rolls 清明果
The best time to pick fresh cudweed herb is around Tomb Sweeping Day. The herb is often added in veggie rolls or dumplings and consumed on the day. In South China, people add the wild plant also in steamed buns.
清明节前后,是采摘新鲜鼠曲草(清明草)的最佳时机。当天,人们会在蔬菜卷或饺子里加入鼠曲草当作馅料。在华南地区,人们还将这种野菜加在馒头里面。
√ Thin pancake 薄饼
People in Xiamen in Fujian province often have thin pancakes on Tomb Sweeping Day. Dried seaweed, omelette, veggies and chili sauce are added in the pancakes to enhance the flavor.
福建厦门的人在清明节时常常食用薄煎饼。薄饼中加入紫菜、煎蛋、蔬菜和辣椒酱,会更加美味。
清明节的习俗
1. 扫墓
cleaning the tomb
offer sacrifices to ancestors
祭祖 /上供
paying respect to the dead person with offerings (including a veriety of food, fruits, drinks and flowers)
用祭品来纪念逝者
2. 踏青,春游
Spring Outing
have an outing in spring
Spring outings not only add joy to life but also promote a healthy mind and body.
清明节外出踏青等活动不仅给生活增添了欢乐,也促进了身心的健康。
3. 放风筝
Flying Kites
Flying kites is also closely associated with the Qingming Festival.
放风筝也是和清明节密切联系的一项活动。
4. 插柳
Planting Willow Trees
Because Jie Zitui died embracing a willow tree, the willow is believed to have miraculous powers against evil. During the Qingming Festival, willow branches are hung on door fronts and used to sweep the tombs
因为介子推死的时候抱着一棵柳树,所以柳树被认为拥有一种可以对抗邪恶的神奇力量。清明时节,人们会将柳枝挂在门前,或拿柳枝进行扫墓。
“去世”更合适的英文表达
和中文表达一样,说去世比死亡要合适很多。
√ pass away 去世
√ be gone 过世
√ be left 离世
√ I lost someone 失去了某人
√ someone is in a better place 去了更好的地方
√ rest in peace 安息
国外现在很多人不再称葬礼为funeral,而是用下面这个短语来换个角度看待死亡:a celebration of life 生命的仪式,更显尊重。
缅怀先人,
孝敬长辈,
珍惜身边人,
也许这正是清明节的意义所在。