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Definition 定义
The Aegean Sea lies between the coast of Greeceand Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey). It contains over 2,000 islands which were settled by the ancient Greeks; the largest among them beingCrete(Kriti) and the best known and most often photographed Santorini (Theraor Thira). Both of these islands have strong associations with ancient history andGreek mythologyin that Crete features significantly in the myth ofTheseus and the Minotaurwhile the destruction of Santorini by a volcano eruption has long been considered a probable source forPlatos description of Atlantis in his dialogues of Critiasand Timaeus.爱琴海位于希腊海岸和小亚细亚（今土耳其）之间。 它包含 2,000 多个由古希腊人定居的岛屿； 其中最大的是克里特岛（Kriti）和最著名和最常被拍摄的圣托里尼岛（Thera 或 Thira）。 这两个岛屿都与古代历史和希腊神话有着密切的联系，因为克里特岛在忒修斯和牛头怪的神话中占有重要地位，而长期以来，火山爆发对圣托里尼的毁灭一直被认为是柏拉图在对话中描述亚特兰蒂斯的可能来源 克里蒂亚斯和蒂迈欧斯。
Name Origin 名称来源
In ancient times there were various explanations for the name Aegean. It was said to have been named after the Greek town of Aegae, or after Aegea, a queen of the Amazons who died in the sea, or Aigaion, the "sea goat", another name of Briareus, one of thearchaicHecatonchires, or, especially among the Athenians, Aegeus, the father of Theseus, who drowned himself in the sea when he thought his son had died on his famous expedition to Crete to defeat the Minotaur. A possible etymology is a derivation from the Greek word αἶγες – aiges = "waves" (Hesychius ofAlexandria; metaphorical use of αἴξ (aix) "goat"), hence "wavy sea", cf. also αἰγιαλός (aigialos) "coast".在古代，对“爱琴海”这个名字有多种解释。 据说它是以希腊城镇埃加埃的名字命名的，或者以死在海中的亚马逊女王埃吉亚，或以“海山羊”埃加翁的名字命名，布里阿瑞斯的另一个名字，古老的赫卡托奇雷斯之一，或 ，尤其是在雅典人中，忒修斯的父亲埃勾斯 (Aegeus) 认为自己的儿子死于著名的克里特岛远征以击败牛头怪时，便投海自尽。 一个可能的词源源自希腊词 αἶγες – aiges =“波浪”（亚历山大的赫西基乌斯；隐喻使用 αἴξ (aix)“山羊”），因此是“波浪状的海”，参见。 还有 αἰγιαλός (aigialos) “海岸”。
Aegean Trade 爱琴海贸易
The early inhabitants of Greece, the Mycenaens, relied heavily on the Aegean for trade and, it seems, traveled as far as Spain andEgypt. Commercial sea trading became their main source of income and, in time, they colonized the various islands of the Aegean archipelago and produced various commodities such as figs, grapes, wine, raisins, honey, wheat, assorted vegetables, and herbs. Marble, especially, became an important export in trade. This produce, along with that of the mainland, went to make the merchants of ancient Greece wealthy, but the same waters on which they relied for their wealth and livelihood became the avenue for their downfall.希腊的早期居民迈锡尼人在很大程度上依赖爱琴海进行贸易，并且似乎远至西班牙和埃及。 商业海上贸易成为他们的主要收入来源，并且随着时间的推移，他们在爱琴海群岛的各个岛屿上进行了殖民，并生产了各种商品，如无花果、葡萄、葡萄酒、葡萄干、蜂蜜、小麦、各种蔬菜和草药。 尤其是大理石，成为贸易的重要出口产品。 这种农产品与大陆的农产品一起使古希腊的商人变得富有，但他们赖以谋生的水域却成了他们垮台的途径。
Sea Peoples 海洋民族
In about 1200 BCE the Mycenaean civilizationcollapsed and, while no one cause is universally agreed upon, it is considered very likely that they succumbed to the same mysterious invaders who ravaged Egypt andAnatolia: the Sea Peoples. Whoever the Sea Peoples were, they are documented as harrassing the Egyptians, theHittites, the Greeks, and the Phoenicians(Canaanites) until finally settling along the coast ofCanaanand acquiring the name Philistines. There is no doubt among scholars, based upon primary sources, that the Sea Peoples came to Greece from the south on the Aegean Sea and ravaged the coastline, making incursions on to the mainland and seizing islands.大约在公元前 1200 年，迈锡尼文明崩溃了，虽然没有一个原因得到普遍认同，但人们认为他们很可能屈服于蹂躏埃及和安纳托利亚的同一个神秘入侵者：海洋民族。 无论海上民族是谁，他们都被记录为骚扰埃及人、赫梯人、希腊人和腓尼基人（迦南人），直到最终定居在迦南海岸并获得非利士人的名字。 毫无疑问，根据原始资料，海洋民族从爱琴海的南部来到希腊，破坏海岸线，入侵大陆并夺取岛屿。
Shortly after their arrival, the Dorians descended from the north of Greece and theMycenaean civilizationwas over (though some scholars have speculated that Mycenaenculturewas kept alive through those Greeks who would eventually foundAthens while Spartaproudly claimed Doric ancestry). Greek civilization as recognized today grew out of the aftermath of the Dorian invasion. It is interesting to note, if one believes that the Mycenaean culture survived through Athens, that the Greek colonies of Asia Minor were largely settled by Athenians. The poetHomeris said to have come from one of these Greek colonies and the famous heroes of hisIliad, arguably the most popular and influential work of its time, are all Mycenaeans.在他们抵达后不久，多利安人从希腊北部传来，迈锡尼文明结束了（尽管一些学者推测迈锡尼文化是通过那些最终发现雅典的希腊人保持活力的，而斯巴达则自豪地声称拥有多利安血统）。 今天公认的希腊文明起源于多利安人入侵的后果。 有趣的是，如果有人认为迈锡尼文化在雅典幸存下来，那么小亚细亚的希腊殖民地主要由雅典人定居。 据说诗人荷马来自这些希腊殖民地之一，他的著名英雄伊利亚特可以说是当时最受欢迎和最有影响力的作品，都是迈锡尼人。
In Mythology 在神话中
The Aegean Sea features prominently in many of the most famous Greek myths (Icarus and Daedelus, Theseus and the Minotaur,Jason and the Argonauts, The Odyssey, among others) and Plato made ample use of the islands in his dialogues. In his Euthyphro, for example, Plato purposefully has the young man who claims to know everything come from the island ofNaxoswhich was known to be the most prosperous and the residents quite wealthy and condescending. According toHerodotus, the island of Naxos was the most prosperous in trade c. 500 BCE and was easily able to pay tribute to Athens in the form ofgoldrather than military aid after the islands failed attempt to leave theDelian Leaguein 476 BCE. In the Golden Age of Greece and beyond, the Aegean Sea continued to serve an important function in trade and inwar, helping the Greek cultureand civilization to flourish until the Romans, like the Sea Peoples before them, employed the waterways forconquestand subdued Greece.爱琴海在许多最著名的希腊神话（伊卡洛斯和代德罗斯、忒修斯和牛头怪、杰森和阿尔戈英雄、奥德赛等）中占有突出地位，柏拉图在他的对话中充分利用了这些岛屿。 例如，柏拉图在他的游叙弗洛（Euthyphro）中故意让那个自称无所不知的年轻人来自以最繁荣而闻名的纳克索斯岛（Naxos），那里的居民非常富有且居高临下。 根据希罗多德的说法，纳克索斯岛是贸易最繁荣的地方 c。 公元前 500 年，并且在该岛于公元前 476 年试图离开提洛联盟失败后，很容易能够以黄金而不是军事援助的形式向雅典进贡。 在希腊的黄金时代及以后，爱琴海继续在贸易和战争中发挥重要作用，帮助希腊文化和文明蓬勃发展，直到罗马人像之前的海洋民族一样，利用水道进行征服和征服 希腊。
原文章；
https://www.worldhistory.org/aegean/
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