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有同学最近提到了一个问题:Three hours vanish. 与 Three hours vanishes. 这两个句子哪一个是正确的?
在回答问题之前我们先来看一个句子:A large group ____ (is/are) waiting for him. 这里应该填is还是are呢?实际上两个答案都是对的,但它们代表了不同的看待名词的视角。
如果句子是A large group is waiting for him. 这意味着我们将a large group当成一个整体来看待,此时谓语动词用单数形式。如果句子是A large group are waiting for him. 此时我们将a large group当成一个复数概念来看待,这一概念由不同的个体组成,因此谓语动词用复数形式。
《美国传统英语用法词典》(The American Heritage Book of English Usage)对group一词专门给出了这样的解释:
Group as a collective noun can be followed by a singular or plural verb. It takes a singular verb when the persons or things that make up the group are considered collectively: The dance group is ready for rehearsal. Group takes a plural verb when the persons or things that constitute it are considered individually: The group were divided in their sympathies.
也就是说,group可以从“整体”或者“个体”的视角来看待,当group作为一个整体概念时,谓语动词用单数,反之则谓语动词用复数形式。类似这样的用法一般出现在表示复数概念的名词中,比如
community/media/population/family 等。例如牛津词典中就有这样的例句:One third of the world’s population consumes/consume two thirds of the world’s resources.
如果用consumes则意味着将“三分之一的世界人口”当成一个整体来看待,如果用consume则将“三分之一的世界人口”当成一个由很多个体组成的复数概念来看待。
这种“整体”和“个体”视角还有更多应用。比如《经济学人》中有这样的句子:
Less litter and money for people who need it seems like a win-win. But it might not in fact be best for the environment in the long run.
第一句中seem之所以要用第三人称单数是因为作者将less litter and money for people who need it当成一个整体来看待。
又比如,之前有同学问过这两个句子的区别:
(1) The internet has changed their life.
(2) The internet has changed their lives.
第一个句子是将他们所有人的生活当成一个整体看待,即“互联网改变了他们的生活”;第二个句子则是将他们每个人各自不同的生活单独看待,可以翻译为“互联网改变了他们每个人的生活”。
与时间相关的名词有时候也可以应用这一原则,比如《卫报》文章中就有这样一个句子:
Ten hours is allocated for each inspection, for which the expert used to be paid £17 an hour. A new contract started on 1 February.
这里之所以用is是因为作者将ten hours当成了一个整体。但大部分情况下N hours (N>1)都当成一个复数概念来使用,比如下面这个BBC句子:
Though we play new local material throughout the programme, the final two hours are given over entirely to BBC Introducing; new unsigned, undiscovered and under the radar music.
这里the final two hours作为复数概念来看待。
回到最开头的问题,Three hours vanish/vanishes. 这两种用法都可以,语料库中也有相应的例证支持,不过将three hours当成复数概念的例子会更多一点。各位同学平时在阅读中也可以多留意这类现象,并积极思考背后的原因。