美国攻击型潜艇（世界十大攻击型核潜艇）

Which is the best attack submarine in the world? Which is the greatest and deadliest modern attack submarine and why? Our Top 10 *** ysis is based on the combined score of offensive weapons, stealthiness, and some other features.

全球攻击型潜艇当中，哪种最厉害？哪种最大？哪种装备最现代化？原因何在？本文根据潜艇的攻击性武器、隐蔽性等特性的综合评分对10大潜艇进行了分析。

The main mission for this type of boats is to engage hostile submarines and ships. It must have good sonar in order to detect enemy submarines. Also it is extremely important for these boats to approach enemy boats and warships undetected. After engagement it is even more important to leave the area undetected by hostile anti-submarine ships and maritime patrol aircraft. Some of the latest attack submarines can launch cruise missiles against ships and land targets. So stealthiness and armament are the main factors deciding which attack submarine is the best.

攻击型潜艇的主要任务是与敌方舰艇交战，所以必须配备优良的声纳系统对敌方潜艇进行探测。同时，能够在不被发现的前提下靠近敌方舰艇，也是攻击型潜艇极为重要的特性。更为关键的是，在交战后，要能够驶离交战区域而不被敌方反潜舰和海上巡逻机发现。由于部分最新式的攻击型潜艇可发射巡航导弹打击水面舰艇和陆上目标，所以隐蔽性和武装能力就成为衡量攻击型核潜艇优劣的主要因素。

This list only includes nuclear-powered attack submarines, that are currently in service around the world. Boats that are still being developed or are under construction are not present here.

本榜单仅涵盖全球范围内目前仍在服役的核动力攻击型潜艇，不包括正在研发或建造当中的潜艇。

Currently top 10 attack submarines in the world are these:

全球目前排名前10的攻击型潜艇如下：

Nr.1 Seawolf class (USA)

状元——“海狼”级核潜艇（美国）

基本资料：

Entered service: 1997

入役时间：1997年

Diving depth: 487 m

潜深：487米

Torpedo tubes: 8 x 660 mm

鱼雷发射管规格：8 x 660 mm

Weapons: Mk.48 torpedoes, Sub-Harpoon anti-ship missiles and Tomahawk cruise missiles

武器装备：Mk48型鱼雷、潜射式“鱼叉”反舰导弹、战斧巡航导弹

The boats of the Seawolf class are the most advanced but also the most expensive hunter-killer submarines in the world. These submarines were intended to restore the technological edge which the US Navy had enjoyed over the Soviets from 1945 until the mid-1980s, when espionage and the cynical trading practices of some US allies somewhat eroded it.

“海狼”级核潜艇是全世界最先进、也是最昂贵的猎杀潜艇。自1945年起，美国海军一直在技术上领先于苏联；但是到了上世纪80年代中期，由于间谍活动以及美国的部分盟国在贸易中只顾自己，在一定程度上削弱了这种优势。“海狼”级核潜艇就是为了再次取得技术优势。

The Seawolf class boats were intended to seek and destroy the latest Soviet ballistic missile submarines, such as the Typhoon class and attack submarines such as the Akula class.

“海狼”级核潜艇的任务是搜寻并摧毁苏联最新的“台风”级等弹道导弹潜艇和“阿库拉”级等攻击型核潜艇。

Initially 12 boats of the class were planned. However these advanced submarines were too pricey even for the United States to build and maintain on the post-Cold War era budget. Eventually production was stopped with only three Seawolf class submarines built. All of these boats are currently in service. The US Navy switched to much cheaper design of Virginia class attack submarines.

“海狼”级核潜艇本来计划建造12艘，但由于这种先进潜艇的造价极高，就算是美国，在后冷战时代的预算条件下也难以为继。美国海军最终建造三艘“海狼”之后停产，转而建造成本较低的“弗吉尼亚”级攻击核潜艇。如今，三艘“海狼”核潜艇全部在役。

The Seawolf class submarines are arguably the quietest submarines in the world ever constructed. It is exceptionally quiet even at high speeds. Most submarines need to keep their speed down to as little as 5 knots to avoid detection by passive sonar arrays, while the Seawolf class are credited with being able to cruise at 20 kots and still be impossible to locate. A Seawolf at 25 knots makes less noise than an older Los Angeles class submarine tied up alongside the pier.

“海狼”级核潜艇可以说是目前为止全球最静谧的潜艇，就算在高速航行之下也格外安静。大部分潜艇为了躲避无源声纳阵列的探测，必须把航速降低到5节；而“海狼”级就算是以20节的速度航行也不会暴露行踪。“海狼”级在25节的航速下，噪音也比靠港的老式“洛杉矶”级核潜艇更低。

These boats can operate at greater depths than existing US submarines and can also operate under the polar ice cap. Also these are faster than most other submarines.

“海狼”级核潜艇不但潜深胜过美国现有潜艇，还能在极地冰盖之下运行。同时，其航速高于大部分其他潜艇。

These submarines have eight 660 mm torpedo tubes. These tubes are used to launched Mk.48 torpedoes and Sub-Harpoon anti-ship missiles. Torpedo tubes are also used to launch Tomahawk land attack cruise missiles with a range of 1 700 km. A mix of 50 torpedoes, Sub Harpoons and Tomahawks can be carried.

“海狼”级核潜艇搭载八个600mm鱼雷发射管，用以发射Mk.48型鱼雷和潜射式“鱼叉”反舰导弹。这几个鱼雷发射管还可发射“战斧”对地巡航导弹，射程达1700公里。鱼雷、“鱼叉”和“战斧”导弹携弹量总计50枚。

Nr.2 Virginia class (USA)

榜眼——“弗吉尼亚”级（美国）

基本资料：

Entered service: 2004

入役时间：2004年

Diving depth: over 250 m

潜深：250多米

Vertical launched tubes: 12

垂直发射管数：12

Torpedo tubes: 4 x 533 mm

鱼雷发射管规格：4 x 533 mm

Weapons: Mk.48 torpedoes, Sub-Harpoon anti-ship missiles, Tomahawk cruise missiles.

武器装备：Mk48型鱼雷、潜射式“鱼叉”反舰导弹、战斧巡航导弹

The US Navys Virginia class nuclear-powered attack submarine is as a successor to the Los Angeles class boats. It was designed as a *** aller, cheaper and more versatile alternative to the advanced but extremely expensive Seawolf class. A total of 30 of Virginia class nuclear-powered attack submarines are planned.

美国海军的“弗吉尼亚”级核动力攻击潜艇是继“洛杉矶”级核潜艇之后设计的。相比功能先进但造价昂贵的“海狼”级潜艇，“弗吉尼亚”级艇体更小、造价更低、功能更多样化，是“海狼”级的替代艇，总共计划建造30艘。

The Virginia class submarines incorporate newly designed anechoic coating, isolated deck structures and new design of propulsor to achieve low acoustic signature. It is claimed that noise level of the Virginia is equal to that of the Seawolf class.

“弗吉尼亚”级核潜艇集最新吸声涂层、隔离式甲板结构、新式推进器于一体，可达到很低的声学特征。据称，“弗吉尼亚”级的噪音水平可以和“海狼”级相媲美。

The Virginia class submarines are fitted with 12 vertical launch system (VLS) tubes. These are used to launched Tomahawk land attack cruise missiles with a range of 1 700 km. Also there are four 533 mm torpedo tubes. These are used to fire a total of 26 Mk.48 heavyweight torpedoes and Sub-Harpoon anti-ship missiles.

“弗吉尼亚”级核潜艇设有12个垂直发射管（VLS），用于发射战斧对地攻击巡航导弹，射程达1700公里。同时，还设有4个533 mm鱼雷发射管，总计可发射26枚Mk.48重型鱼雷和潜射反舰导弹。

These boats can be also used for special operations. It is the first US submarine to employ a built-in Navy SEAL staging area allowing a team of 9 men to enter and leave the submarine.

“弗吉尼亚”级核潜艇可用于特种作战，是美国第一艘整合了海豹突击队集结整备区的潜艇，可让9人小队进出潜艇。

Nr.3 Astute class (United Kingdom)

探花——“机敏”级（英国）

基本资料：

Entered service: 2010

入役时间：2010年

Diving depth: over 150 m

潜深：150多米

Torpedo tubes: 6 x 533 mm

鱼雷发射管规格：6 x 533 mm

Weapons: Spearfish torpedoes, Sub-Harpoon anti-ship missiles, Tomahawk cruise missiles.

武器装备：“旗鱼”鱼雷、潜射式“鱼叉”反舰导弹、战斧巡航导弹

The first Astute class nuclear-powered attack submarine was commissioned with the Royal Navy in 2010. So far 7 boats of the class are planned. These will replace the older Swiftsure class attack submarines.

首艘“机敏”级核动力攻击型潜艇于2010年进入皇家海军服役。目前，该级别潜艇拟建造7艘，替换老式的“迅猛”级（译注：Swiftsure，也有译为“快速”和“敏捷”级）攻击型核潜艇。

The Astute class boats are significantly stealthier and carry more weapons than the previous boats of Trafalgar class.

与之前的“特拉法尔加”级潜艇相比，“机敏”级核潜艇隐蔽性显著提高，武器装备量更大。

These attack submarines are fitted with six 533 mm torpedo tubes. These are used to launch Spearfish torpedoes, Sub-Harpoon anti-ship missiles and Tomahawk cruise missiles. A mix of 36 missiles and torpedoes are carried.

“机敏”级核潜艇配有6个533mm的鱼雷发射管，用于发射旗鱼型鱼雷、潜射式鱼叉反舰导弹、战斧巡航导弹。导弹和鱼雷总共可携带36枚。

The Tomahawk Block IV land attack cruise missiles have a range of 1 700 km and can target enemy ships as well as land targets.

其中，战斧Block IV对地攻击巡航导弹射程1700公里，既可攻击敌舰，也可打击陆上目标。

Nr.4 Graney class (Russia)

老四——“葛兰尼”级（俄罗斯）

基本资料：

Entered service: 2013

入役时间：2013年

Diving depth: ~ 300 m

潜深：约300米

Vertical launch tubes: 24

垂直发射管数：24

Torpedo tubes: 8 x 650 mm

鱼雷发射管规格：8 x 650 mm

Weapons: various torpedoes, anti-ship and cruise missiles.

武器装备：多种鱼雷、反舰导弹及巡航导弹

The Project 885 Yasen (NATO designation Graney class) is the latest Russian nuclear-powered attack submarine. The lead boat, Severodvinsk, was laid down in 1993 however the project was stopped due to funding problems. It was commissioned with the Russian Navy only in 2013. The second boat of the class is built to improved project. Currently at least 6 of these boats are planned. These will become a successor to the older Akula class submarines.

885号工程的“亚森”级（北约代号“葛兰尼”级）是俄罗斯最新式的核动力攻击潜艇。首制艇“斯夫罗德温斯克”号于1993年安放龙骨，后因资金问题导致工程停摆，直至2013年才进入俄罗斯海军服役。该级别第二艘潜艇在工程升级后建造。目前，拟建造至少6艘“葛兰尼”级潜艇，接替老式的“阿库拉”级潜艇。

Despite all improvements the Graney class boats are only slightly quieter than improved Akula class boats.

虽然“葛兰尼”级进行了很多改进，但是其静谧性与改良后的“阿库拉”级相比并未改善多少。

The Severodvinsk has 24 vertical launch tubes for various cruise missiles. Cruise missiles include the P-800 Oniks (SS-N-26), which has a range of about 300 km.

“斯夫罗德温斯克”号共设有24根垂直发射管，可发射多种巡航导弹，比如射程300公里的P-800“玛瑙石”（SS-N-26）巡航导弹。

Also there are eight 650 mm torpedo tubes for torpedoes and anti-ship missiles. It is reported that a total of 30 torpedoes and anti-ship missiles are carried.

同时，还设有8根650 mm鱼雷发射管，可发射鱼雷和反舰导弹。据报道，该潜艇总共可以携带30枚鱼雷和反舰导弹。

Nr.5 Sierra II class (Russia)

老五——“塞拉II”级（俄罗斯）

基本资料：

Entered service: 1992

入役时间：1992年

Diving depth: ~ 400 m

潜深：约400米

Torpedo tubes: 4 x 650 mm, 4 x 533 mm

鱼雷发射管规格：4 x 650 mm，4 x 533 mm

Weapons: Torpedoes, SS-N-15 Starfish or SS-N-16 Stallion anti-submarine missiles, SS-N-21 Samson cruise missiles

武器装备：鱼雷、SS-N-15“海星”或 SS-N-16“种马”反潜导弹，SS-N-21“大力士”巡航导弹。

The Russian expensive Sierra I and Sierra II class boats succeeded the ill-fated Alfa class.

俄罗斯耗费巨资打造“塞拉I”、“塞拉II”级潜艇，接替命途多舛的“阿尔法”级。

These boats have two light and strong titanium hulls. These submarines can operate at great depths and provided reduced radiated noise levels as well as increased resistance to damage of torpedo attacks.

“塞拉II”级潜艇采用钛合金双壳体，质量轻，强度大，可以在深海运行，辐射噪声水平较低，对鱼雷攻击的抗毁性增强。

Soviet titanium technology was far in advance of the West, requiring fewer passes to achieve a successful weld, but the cost of the hulls limited the numbers built, despite advantages in depth and underwater speed.

苏联的钛合金技术远远领先于西方国家，只需较少的步骤就能实现顺利焊接。不过，鉴于壳体的造价不菲，虽然这种潜艇的在潜深和水下航速上具有相当优势，建造数量也很少。

The Russian Navy maintains these advanced submarines despite their high operating costs.

尽管这种先进潜艇的运行成本高，俄罗斯海军还是将其保留了下来。

【未完持续】

全球十大攻击型潜艇（下）

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