小伙伴关心的问题:中英对照圣经下载(中英对照圣经朗读版),本文通过数据整理汇集了中英对照圣经下载(中英对照圣经朗读版)相关信息,下面一起看看。

中英对照圣经下载(中英对照圣经朗读版)

THE SPECTRE Is STILL ROAMING AROUND

幽灵仍在徘徊

Arkzin, Zagreb 1998.

斯拉沃热 齐泽克(Slavoj Žižek)

开了玖 译

第一段

The first, automatic reaction(自动反应) of today’s enlightened(开明的; 有知识的; 有见识的; 进步的) liberal(自由主义者) reader to The Communist Manifesto(《 *** 宣言》) is: Is the text not simply wrong on many empirical(经验主义的) accounts, with regard to the picture it gives of the social situation(社会情境), as well as with regard to the revolutionary perspective(革命的视角) it sustains(长期保持) and propagates(传播,宣传,普及)?

今日的自由主义知识分子对于《 *** 宣言》的第一反应(应激反应)就是:“就(《 *** 宣言》)所提供的关于社会情景的景观的认识以及其维持并传播的革命视角上的认知在许多经验主义(实证主义)话语中,(《 *** 宣言》)是不是个简单的错误(低级错误)?”

Was there ever a political manifesto(政治宣言) that was more clearly falsified(修改) by subsequent(随后的) historical reality?

“是否曾有这么一个政治宣言被随后的历史现实修正的更为清晰(明显)的(证伪)呢?”

Is The Communist Manifesto not, at best, an exaggerated(夸张的) extrapolation(推断) of certain tendencies(趋势) discernible(可识别的; 可辨别的) in the 19th century?

“《 *** 宣言》有没有可能充其量就是对19世纪可识别的世纪趋势做的一个夸张推断呢?”

第二段

So, let us approach The Communist Manifesto from the opposite(对立的) end: Where do we live today, in our global “post … ” (postmodern(后现代), postindustrial(后工业)) society?

现在让我们来从相反的方面(对立的方向)来接近《 *** 宣言》:“就我们现在生活的全球后...(后现代,后工业)社会。”

The slogan(标语,口号,宣传语) that is imposing(强迫) itself more and more is that of “globalization”:(“全球化”) the brutal(残暴的,残酷的) imposition(强加; 被迫接受; 过分的要求; 税收) of a unified(统一的) world market that threatens(威胁) all local ethnic traditions(民族传统), including the very form of the nation-state(民族国家).

“全球化”这个口号正在不断强迫推行他本身:“残暴地强加一个统一的全球市场威胁着每一地方民族传统,包括民族国家的形式。”

And, in this situation, is not the description(描述) in the Manifesto of the social impact(社会影响) of the bourgeoisie(资产阶级) more topical(有关时事的,时下关注的; 局部的; 题目的,论题的) than ever?

同时,在这种情况下,《 *** 宣言》关于资产阶级(的)社会影响的描绘不是(是否)前所未有的更具备时效性(更加具备时效性)吗?

第三段

“The bourgeoisie cannot exist without constantly revolutionizing the instruments of production(生产工具), and thereby the relations of production, and with them the whole relations of society. Conservation of the old modes of production(生产方式) in unaltered form was, on the contrary, the first condition(首要条件) of existence for all earlier industrial classes(早期工业阶级). Constant revolutionizing of production, uninterrupted disturbance(不断的干扰) of all social conditions, everlasting(永久的) uncertainty, and agitation distinguish the bourgeois epoch from all earlier ones. All fixed, fast-frozen relations, with their train of ancient and venerable prejudices and opinions, are swept away, all newly formed ones become antiquated(陈旧的) before they can ossify(僵化). All that is solid melts into air, all that is holy is profaned, and man is at last compelled to face with sober(朴素的) senses his real conditions of life, and his relations with his kind.

“资产阶级除非对生产工具,从而对生产关系,从而对全部社会关系不断地进行革新,否则就不能生存下去(存在)。反之,原封不动地保持旧的生产方式是早期的一切工业阶级生存的首要条件。生产的不断变革,一切社会状况不停息的动荡,永恒的不安定与变动,这就是资产阶级时代有别于过去一切时代的地方。一切固定的僵化的(冻结的)关系以及与之相适应的素被尊崇的(古老的)观念和见解都被一扫而空了,一切新形成的关系等不及固定下来就陈旧(过时)了。一切等级的和固定的东西都烟消云散了,一切神圣的东西都被亵渎了。人类终得以以冷静的眼光来看他们的生活地位、他与同类的相互关系。

第四段

“The need for a constantly(不断地,时常地; 始终; 一直) expanding market for its products chases(追逐) the bourgeoisie over the whole surface of the globe. It must nestle(筑巢) everywhere, settle(定居) everywhere, establish connections(建立链接) everywhere.

不断地拓张产品市场的需求驱使资产阶级奔走于全球各地。它必须处处筑巢[直译:雀巢],处处定居,处处建立联系。

第五段

“The bourgeoisie has, through its exploitation(开发; 利用; 剥削) of the world market, given a co *** opolitan character(世界性质) to production and consumption in every country. To the great chagrin(懊恼,懊丧,悔恨) of reactionaries(反动分子,反动派), it has drawn from under the feet of industry the national ground on which it stood. All long-established national industries(国家馆农业) have been destroyed or are daily being destroyed. They are dislodged(被...赶出,从...逐出) by new industries, whose introduction becomes a life-and-death question for all civilized nations, by industries that no longer work up indigenous(土生土长的; 生来的,固有的; 本地的; 根生土长) raw materials(原材料), but raw materials drawn from the remotest(遥远的) zones; industries whose products are consumed not only at home, but in every quarter of the globe. In place of the old wants, satisfied by the productions of the country, we find new wants, requiring for their satisfaction the products of distant(遥远的) lands and climes. In place of the old local and national seclusion(隔绝,闭关锁国) and self-sufficiency(自给自足), we have intercourse in every direction, universal interdependence of nations. And as in material, so also in intellectual production(知识生产). The intellectual creations of individual nations become common property. National one-sidedness(片面性) and narrow-mindedness(目光短浅; 坐井观天) become more and more impossible, and from the numerous national and local literatures, there arises a world literature.”

资产阶级通过对世界市场的剥削(开发),给予一切国家的生产和消费全球性(世界性)。反动派大为懊恼的是,它从工业脚下挖掉了他们赖以生存的国民(民族,国家)基础。古老的(历史悠久的)国民工业被摧毁了,并且每天都还每日被摧毁着。它们被新工业所流放(驱逐),新工业的引入已成为一切文明国家(民族)生死攸关的问题;这些工业不再建立在本地的原材料上,而是在极遥远地区被开采的原料上;工业产品不仅国内被消费,而且同时也在世界各地被消费。代替旧的、本国产品生产的商品生产的欲望与满足,我们找到了新的、极遥远的国家(土地)和地域的产品来满足他们的欲望。旧的地方的和民族的自给自足和闭关自守状态,被各国家(民族)的各方面普遍的交往(交流)和互(相依)赖所代替。物质是如此,知(智)识的生产也是如此。个体国家(民族)的精神创造成了共有的财产。国家(民族)的片面和狭隘日益成为不可能,从许多种国家(民族)的和地方(局部,乡土)的文学生发出一种世界文学。”——《 *** 宣言》 一,资产者和无产者

第六段

Is this not, more than ever, our reality today?

今天,这不是比以往更现(真)实吗?

Think about Ericsson phones, which are no longer Swedish, about Toyota cars, 60% of which are manufactured(制造,加工) in the USA, about the Hollywood culture(好莱坞文化) that pervades(普及,弥漫) the remotest(最遥远的) parts of the globe … Yes, this is our reality—on condition that we do not forget to supplement(补充,增补) this image(影像;肖像;概念,意向;镜像,映像) from the Manifesto with its inherent dialectical opposite(内在的辩证法), the “spiritualization”(精神化) of the very material process(过程,工序,工艺流程) of production.

想想Ericsson(爱立信)手机不再是瑞典式(的)手机,还有60%的制造(加工)是在美国的Toyota(丰田)汽车,以及弥漫到地球最遥远的一个角落的Hollywood(好莱坞)文化......是(的),这就是我们的现实——如果我们不忘用它(《 *** 宣言》)内在辩证法的对立,即生产过程中物质“精神化”的工序(过程)来增补这一状态的映像到《 *** 宣言》内。

That is to say, on the one hand, capitali *** entails(需要,必需) the radical(根本的) secularization(世俗化,凡俗化) of social life(社会生活)—it mercilessly(无情地) tears(撕裂) apart any aura(气味,氛围,预感) of authentic(真实的) nobility(崇高), sacredness(神圣),honor , etc.

这也就是说,一边资本主义必须使社会生活凡俗化——它将任何真实的(认证了的)崇高,神圣,荣耀等氛围(光环)无情撕碎(撕裂成碎片)。

第七段

“It has drowned the most heavenly ecstasies(最神圣的入迷) of religious fervor(宗教狂热), of chivalrous enthusia *** (骑士热忱), of philistine(市侩,庸人) sentimentali *** (情感主义), in the icy water of egotistical(利己主义的,自我本位的) calculation(计算,深思熟虑). It has resolved(解决;分解;转变) personal worth into exchange value, and in place of the numberless indefeasible(站不住脚的) chartered freedoms(特许自由), has set up that single(单一的), unconscionable(不合理的;昧着良心的;肆无忌惮的;过度的) freedom—Free Trade(自由贸易). In one word, for exploitation, veiled(消隐的,含蓄的) by religious and political illusions(政治幻想), it has substituted(用...代替) naked( *** 的,露骨的), shameless( *** 的), direct(直接的), brutal(残忍的;野蛮的,不讲理的) exploitation.”

“它用利己主义的(以我为主的)深思熟虑(理性的计算)冰水来浸泡宗教狂热,骑士(侠义)热忱,庸人的情感主义(小市民的多愁善感)这些极致神圣的入迷(一种精神恍惚,非理性的状态)。[当时欧洲精神病治疗的冷水浴,具体参见《疯癫与文明》]它将个人价值(个人尊严)分解(转换)为交换价值,建立起来的单一无节制的站不住脚的自由[自由主义经济]——贸易自由(自由贸易)代替了少数不可剥夺特许自由。总之,它为了剥削(发展)[在英文exploitation既有发展也有剥削的意思,这是一个双关,可以解为发展剥削或者剥削的发展]用露骨的, *** 的,直接的,野蛮的剥削代替了被宗教与(或)政治幻想消隐的(剥削)。”——《 *** 宣言》 一,资产者和无产者

第八段

However, the fundamental lesson(基础课,必修课) of the “critique of political economy”(《政治经济学批判》) elaborated(阐述) by the mature(成熟的) Marx in the years after the Manifesto is that this reduction(下降) of all heavenly chimeras(神圣妄想) to the brutal economic reality(残忍的经济现实) generates(发生) a spectrality(幽灵) of its own.

然而,成熟的马克思在《 *** 宣言》之后的岁月里所阐述的《政治经济学批判》的根本教训是这种将一切神圣妄想还原为残酷的经济现实的做法产生了自己的幽灵。

When Marx describes the mad, self-enhancing(自我增强的)circulation(流通,循环) of capital, whose solipsistic path of self-fecundation(自孕,自我再生产) reaches its apogee(最高点;远地点;最远点) in today’s metareflexive speculations(投机买卖)on futures, it is far too simplistic to claim that the specter(幽灵)of this self-engendering monster that pursues(追求) its path(道路) disregarding(不顾) any human or environmental concern(顾虑,有关) is an ideological(意识形态的) abstraction(抽象化), and that one should never forget that, behind this abstraction, there are real people and natural objects(对象,客体,实体) on whose productive capacities(性能,生产量) and resources(资源,物力,给...提供资金) the capital’s circulation is based, and on which it feeds like a gigantic parasite(巨型寄生虫).

当马克思描绘资本自我增强的流通的疯狂时,其自交的唯我论通路在当今对期货的元反思性投机买卖中到达巅峰,那么断言这个自我生产(自因)的怪物无视任何人类或环境问题而追求自身道路的幽灵是一个意识形态的抽象是过于简单化了,永远不应该忘记的一点是,在这种抽象的背后有真正的人和自然而他的资源与生产给资本循环以基础,而在在他之上的巨型寄生虫要靠他养活。

The problem is that this “abstraction” is not only in our (financial speculator’s(金融投机者)) misperception(误解) of social reality, but that it is “real” in the precise sense(精准观念,感觉) of determining(测定) the structure(结构) of the very material social processes(特殊物质的社会生产过程): the fate of whole strata(层)of the population and sometimes of whole countries can be decided by the “solipsistic” speculative dance(投机舞曲) of Capital, which pursues its goal of profitability(盈利能力) in a blessed indifference(漠不关心,冷淡) to how its movement(乐章) will affect social reality.

问题是这种“抽象”不仅仅存在于我们(金融投机者)对社会现实的误认中,同时在决定特殊物质社会过程结构的精确意义来说他也是“真实”的:“整个阶级,甚至整个国家的命运都可以由《资本论》里的“唯我”投机舞曲(舞蹈)所决定,它以利润率为目标而对他的乐章(动作,舞步)如何影响社会现实有一种神圣的淡漠(放任)。

Therein resides the fundamental systemic violence of capitali *** (其中存在着资本主义的基本系统暴力), much uncannier than the direct precapitalist socioideological violence: this violence is no longer attributable(由于) to concrete(实在的) individuals(个体) and their “evil” intentions(意向), but is purely “objective,” (客观)systemic(系统性的), anonymous(匿名的).

其中存在着资本主义的根本系统性暴力,较直接的前资本主义社会意识形态暴力更虚无缥缈(不可思议):“这种暴力不再由具体个人和他们的‘邪恶’意图,而是纯粹客“客观(现实,科学,公正)”,系统,无名。”

Here we should recall Etienne Balibar, who distinguishes(辨别) two opposite(二律背反) but complementary(对立统一) modes of excessive(极度的) violence in today’s world: the “ultraobjective” (“structural”(结构的)) violence that is inherent(固有的) in the social conditions of global capitali *** (the “automatic”(自动的) creation of excluded(排除的) and dispensable(可有可无的) individuals, from the homeless to the unemployed(从流浪汉到失业者)), and the “ultrasubjective” violence of newly(最新的,指1998) emerging(新兴的) ethnic and/or religious (in short: racist(种族主义者)) “fundamentali *** s”—this second “excessive”(过度的) and “groundless”(莫须有的) violence is just a counterpart(副本) to the first violence.

在此我们应该回到艾蒂安·巴利巴尔(Etienne Balibar is a French Marxist philosopher and the most celebrated student of Louis Althusser. He is also one of the leading exponents of French Marxist philosophy and the author of Spinoza and Politics, The Philosophy of Marx and co-author of Race, Nation and Class and Reading Capital.)他区分了当今世界上相反但互补的极度(过度)暴力模式:“全球资本主义社会所固有的‘超客观’(‘结构性’)暴力(‘自动’生成被排斥和可有可无的个人,从流浪汉到失业者)以及‘新兴(新出现)’的种族和/宗教(总的来说‘种族主义者’)‘原教旨主义’的‘超主观’暴力——这第二种‘过度’且‘莫须有’的暴力只是第一种暴力的副本(对应)。”

第九段

The fact of this “anonymous” violence also allows us to make a more general point about anticommuni *** ( *** 产主义).

事实上这种“匿名的”暴力同时可以让我们得到“ *** 产主义”的一个更总体(普遍)的观念(观点)。

The pleasure(愉悦) provided by(提供) anticommunist reasoning(推理) was that communi *** made it so easy to play the game of finding the culprit(“找真凶”游戏), blaming(谴责) the Party(政党,指 *** ), Stalin, Lenin, ultimately(最终) Marx himself, for the millions of dead, for terror( 恐怖;恐怖的缘由;恐怖行为;令人讨厌的人;), and for gulags(古拉格集中营), while in capitali *** , there is nobody on whom one can pin(钉住) guilt(犯罪) or responsibility(义务,责任), things just happened that way, through anonymous mechani *** s(无名的机制), although capitali *** has been no less destructive(毁灭性的) in terms of human and environmental costs(在环境和人类破坏方面), destroying aboriginal cultures(毁灭土著文化) … In short, the difference between capitali *** and communi *** is that communi *** was perceived(感觉到,认知到,理解为) as an idea which then failed in its realization(实现,领悟), while capitali *** functioned(有或起作用)“spontaneously.”(自然地,自发地,不由自主地;不禁;油然)

*** 产主义提供的一种 *** 就是共产主义让玩“找真凶”游戏变得如此容易,用无数的(数以百万记的)死亡,恐怖行动,古拉格集中营去谴责 *** ,斯大林,列宁直到归咎于马克思本人,但在资本主义中,没有任何一个人可以将任何人钉上有罪(确定为过失犯,盯上罪行,扣帽子)或归咎责任(义务)于任何人,事情就是过去那样的发生了[资本主义过去决定今天,共产主义未来决定今天],通过无名的(匿名)机制,尽管资本主义在环境破坏和人类损坏以及毁灭土著文化一切如旧[应该是“看起来”不...“实际上”依旧...的句式]...总之,在资本主义和共产主义的差异中得出感觉到(认为)共产主义是一个失败的观念(是一个在它的实现中失败了的道路),而资本主义是“不由自主”(自然地)运作的(阻碍共产主义的实现)。

There is no Capitalist Manifesto(《资本家宣言》).

(世界上)没有《资本家宣言》。(《资本主义宣言》)。

译后记

《幽灵仍在徘徊》是齐泽克为《 *** 宣言》150年纪念本做的导言,围绕《 *** 宣言》对如今的我们(1998)的价值和思考,绝大多数材料是对《敏感的主体》最后一章中的观念做的概述,他认为不去考虑革命的不足,《 *** 宣言》对资本的毁灭性后果的分析远比他们写下的时候更加适用于今天(晚期资本主义,或者说资本主义的最高形态——帝国主义)。

一开始想到要看这本书,看到目前还没有翻译,我就想不如自己制作中英对照版给读者,保证每个英语水平到达高中左右的人都可以借着翻译理解原文的意思,文化之间始终有隔阂,在翻译的时候我并不想着去调和隔阂,而是将他们更为直接 *** 的暴露出来,在两个各有长短的选择中让读者更接近齐泽克的思考以及英文原意。其中齐泽克大段引用了英文版《 *** 宣言》,初始我使用的是人民出版社马列主义经典文库版本的《 *** 宣言》(以下简称人版)翻译,但是在实际中英对照中,我认为这个译本没有很好地表达原文(英文原文),其中exploitation有发展和剥削两个意思,很多时候是一个双关,而不是发展或者剥削其中任何一个;在人版national几乎全部翻译作“民族”,而national在翻译中作adj. 国家的;国民的;民族的;国立的n. 国民。为此,我把齐泽克引用的几个段落全部自己重新翻译校对了一遍,读者大可对照着看。因为我个人英语水平极低,只能逐词逐句的翻译,为此花费了半日,难免前后有些不连贯,在翻译的“信达雅”原则中,我尽我最大可能追求“信”,为此确实有些句子很拗口,我保留了很大部分齐泽克的表达习惯和原文的句式结构。为了方便阅读和保持原意,我大量使用了括号“()”,但是不同括号间的用不一定相同,我没有一种用法去统一一个符号。在中括号“[]”内的是我自己做出的注释,帮助大家将文章理解为更地道的英语,而非变成抽象难读的学术著作。

翻译问题在我国一直是一个巨大的问题,需要翻译的书太多而翻译的质量和速度不尽人意,外语学习是必要的,这篇文章阅读完中文,也请各位重新读一遍英文,可以更好的理解文章,谢谢。

开了玖

更多中英对照圣经下载(中英对照圣经朗读版)相关信息请关注本站,本文仅仅做为展示!