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本文翻译自Cat Care的文章《Acne and Stud Tail》
最近很多小猫家长和繁育跟我交流反映自己家猫出现了黑下巴和种马尾，油乎乎的非常难处理，甚至出现了红肿破溃的现象，面对伤口不知所措，上网搜索病因和治疗方法推荐，找到不是医院就是保健信息，偶有谈到治疗方法的文章相互之间又有矛盾，不知道该信谁的。本篇文章翻译自权威猫咪医疗知识网站 International cat care，仅供大家参考。谢绝转载！图片来源于网络侵权删！
Feline acne is a skin condition of cats that is probably more common than is generally appreciated, as most cases are mild and pass unnoticed. However, more severe cases are obvious, unsightly, and may respond slowly to treatment.猫的痤疮问题比想象的更要普遍，很多时候由于症状比较轻，被我们忽略掉了。但是治愈缓慢的恶性痤疮也非常常见。
Sebaceous glands in the skin and scent marking
Two main types of glands are found in the skin of the cat – sweat glands and sebaceous glands. Most of the sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles and produce an important oily secretion – sebum – which waterproofs the hairs and maintains the suppleness of the skin. In addition, a collection of much larger sebaceous glands are found on the chin, the lips, the dorsal (top) surface of the base of the tail and also the eyelids, prepuce and scrotum. The collection of glands under the skin in the chin area is sometimes referred to as the ‘submental organ’ and the glands around the base of the tail are known as the ‘supracaudal organ’.
The special oily secretion of these larger sebaceous glands has an important role in scent marking, and cats will repeatedly rub their chin, lips, temporal area and base of tail over certain objects. In time the secretions build up on favourite marking objects and may be seen as black-brown, greasy patches. You may also notice that you are ‘marked’ by your cat on returning home (by the cat rubbing against you). Cats will also often mark certain objects at feeding time.皮肤上的皮脂腺和气味标记
猫身上有两种重要的腺体——汗腺&皮脂腺。大部分皮脂腺和毛孔在一起生产一种重要的油性分泌物——皮脂（帮助毛发防水&保持皮肤柔软）。但是，下巴、嘴唇、背部、尾巴根部、尾巴、眼皮&阴（dan)囊(pi)上的皮脂腺格外丰富.下巴附近的皮脂腺群叫颏下器官，尾巴周围的叫尾下腺。
这些油性分泌物除了护肤还有气味标记作用。他们总用下巴，嘴唇，头部和尾巴根部摩擦物体来做气味标识。有时可以在被标识物上发现黑棕色油性色块。他们也经常在你外出归来后用下巴标识你（蹭裤腿）。他们也经常在进食时间标识特定的物品。
Stud tail and chin acne
Overactivity of the submental organ (sebaceous gland on the chin) is a relatively common finding and termed ‘chin acne’. This is seen as excessive greasiness of the overlying fur and skin. This is particularly noticeable on the chin of white or pale coloured cats and appears as a yellow, greasy discoloration. There may also be flecks of black, greasy material on the chin which may be mistaken for flea dirt.种马尾和下巴痤疮
颏下腺的过度活跃导致我们熟知的下巴痤疮（黑下巴），目测感知就是皮肤和毛发出油，特别是在浅 *** 中容易出现黄色油脂污点。出现黑色的脏污，样子很像跳蚤粑粑。
种马尾（stud tail）跳蚤粪便（酒精溶解后为红色）Overactivity of the glands at the base of the tail is often known as ‘stud tail’ and can produce a similar appearance in this region. Although stud tail is seen most commonly in entire males (where *** presumably influences its development), it can occasionally be seen in neutered males and in females. The overactivity of the sebaceous glands predisposes to the development of feline acne. The hair follicles produce excessive sebaceous material and possibly also excessive keratin (the major protein in skin and hair). The associated hair follicles become plugged with black sebaceous material forming comedones (commonly referred to as ‘blackheads’). Secondary bacterial infection may lead to folliculitis (inflammation of the hair follicles) and formation of papules and pustules from which beads of pus may be expressed. In severe cases, many hair follicles are affected and areas of skin infection (pyoderma) develop, with swelling, inflammation, discomfort and discharge of pus. The point of the chin may become very swollen.尾巴根部腺体的过度活跃会导致和下巴类似的症状，尽管种马尾经常出现在未绝育的公猫身上，但偶尔也会在绝育公猫和母猫身上看到。皮脂腺旺盛倾向于导致猫痤疮，毛囊产生过多皮脂物质和角蛋白（皮肤和毛发的主要蛋白质）。进而产生黑头，第二步的细菌感染可能会导致毛囊炎形成小包和囊肿，然后就能看到珠状水泡。有些严重的案列，皮肤感染会有化脓的现象，整个下巴都有可能肿起来。
重度症状Problems in Persians – idiopathic facial pruritus
A severe form of the condition has been reported in Persians and is known as ‘idiopathic Persian facial dermatitis’. This can be very difficult to manage with the skin showing a black waxy material on the hairs in a symmetrical pattern on the face, but particularly the chin and around the eyes.波斯猫自发性面部皮炎
在波斯猫身上发现过重症的腺体问题——波斯猫自发性面部皮炎，面部出现的黑色对称性蜡质物质非常难于控制，这些物质通常以下巴和眼睛为中心。
波斯猫自发性面部皮炎Treatment
Treatment of cases of feline acne and stud tail involves removal of excess sebum and hence prevention of comedone formation and secondary infection.治疗方法
治疗痤疮和种马尾的根本思路是去油，从而避免生成黑头和进一步感染。
An antibacterial wash, such as chlorhexidine, can be used for this purpose, initially two or three times daily. In mild cases no further treatment is necessary, but in cases showing extensive secondary infection, antibiotic therapy (best selected on the basis of bacterial culture and sensitivity tests) will be required. Occasionally, fungal infections (yeasts or dermatophytes/ringworm) may also be involved.使用抗菌洗液，氯已定(洗必泰），一天2天三次，轻微症状洗就可以，不需要进一步用药，如果有进一步感染，需要配合抗生素治疗，有时会还会伴随真菌感染。
Topical preparations are of very limited value for severe cases, as they are soon licked or cleaned off by cats, and oral antibiotics are usually required for 4-6 weeks. Severe cases may also need short-term treatment with steroids to reduce the inflammation.清洗对重度症状作用甚微，因为很快会被猫舔舐清楚干净，口服抗生素通常需要持续4-6周，为减轻炎症还需要配合短期激素治疗。
Keeping the acne at bay may require clipping of the hair and daily application of topical medications including:为更好治疗痤疮可能需要剪掉毛发，做一下日常清洁。
Chlorhexidine washes
Mupirocin
Retinoids
Use of ceramic (or metal) rather than plastic food bowls have been reported to help in some cases
Keeping the chin clean after feeding may also help to reduce the problem氯已定清洗涂抹莫匹罗星维生素A把塑料碗换成瓷碗或者金属的吃完饭给猫及时清洁下巴